Serious loneliness is a problem that can strike at any time in adult life - not just old age, warns a new study.
Researchers found that not only is loneliness more prevalent than previously feared, but is 'particularly acute' during the late-20s, mid-50s and late-80s.
Feeling alone has been linked to a string of psychological and physical problems.
And, in recent times, public health officials have warned about a 'rising epidemic' of loneliness, with rates of loneliness reportedly doubling over the past 50 years.
Now researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine have put a specific, concerning and surprising face to the issue.
Their findings, published by the journal International Psychogeriatrics, show that moderate to severe loneliness persisted across the adult lifespan, but was particularly acute during three age periods: late-20s, mid-50s and late-80s.
The first wave of loneliness hits Americans in their late-20s, a new study reveals
Loneliness was also more prevalent than expected, according to the scientists.
Three out of four study participants reported moderate to high levels of loneliness, using a well-established assessment scale.
The figure represents a 'substantial increase' from previously reported prevalence estimates in the US general population, which have ranged from 17 to 57 per cent.
Study leader Dr Dilip Jeste said: 'This is noteworthy because the participants in this study were not considered to be at high risk for moderate to severe loneliness.
'They didn't have major physical disorders.
'Nor did they suffer from significant mental illnesses such as depression or schizophrenia, in which you might expect loneliness to be problematic.
'Though there were clear demographic limitations to the group, these participants were, generally speaking, regular people.'
The study was conducted among 340 San Diego County residents, between the ages of 27 and 101, who had participated in one of three earlier studies of ageing and mental health.
People with serious physical or psychological ailments, including diagnosed dementia, were excluded, as were people living in nursing homes or requiring substantial living assistance.
The researchers assessed the participants using multiple measures, including the San Diego Wisdom Scale, created by Prof Jeste and colleagues to assess a person''s level of wisdom.
Excluding evidence of mild loneliness, which Prof Jeste said is common and expected to occasionally appear throughout adult life, the researchers found that loneliness severity and age 'had a complex relationship,' peaking at specific periods in both men and women.
There were no sex differences in loneliness prevalence, severity, or age relationships.
Former US Surgeon General Vivek Murphy has said a prevailing pall of loneliness poses a greater, more intractable public health crisis than tobacco use or obesity.
Earlier this year, the Government established a Ministry of Loneliness to address the physical and mental health needs of lonely people.
Study first author Dr Ellen Lee said the findings were a mix of bad and good news.
On the negative side, she said, moderate to severe loneliness appears to be highly prevalent throughout adult life.
Dr Lee said: 'Loneliness seems to be associated with everything bad.
'It's linked to poor mental health, substance abuse, cognitive impairment, and worse physical health, including malnutrition, hypertension and disrupted sleep.'
But, on the plus side, she noted that the UC San Diego group found a strong 'inverse association' between wisdom and loneliness.
People who were deemed wiser were less lonely.
She added: 'That may be due to the fact that behaviours which define wisdom - such as empathy, compassion, emotional regulation, self-reflection - effectively counter or prevent serious loneliness.'
Prof Jeste said more research needs to be done, adding: 'There are more gaps in knowledge than there are answers at the moment.
'But these findings suggest we need to think about loneliness differently.
'It's not about social isolation. A person can be alone and not feel lonely, while a person can be in a crowd and feel alone.
'We need to find solutions and interventions that help connect people that help them to become wiser.
'A wiser society would be a happier, more connected, and less lonely society.'
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News Pictures Crippling loneliness can strike Americans as young as 27, study finds
You don’t have to pack away your bikini just because you’re the wrong side of 20. These body-beautiful stars reveal their secrets to staying in shape and prove you can smoulder in a two-piece, whatever your age. Read on and be bikini inspired!
TEENS
Hayden Panettiere
Size: 8
Age: 18
Height: 5ft 1in
Weight: 8st
To achieve her kick-ass figure, Hayden – who plays cheerleader Claire Bennet in Heroes – follows the ‘quartering’ rule. She eats only a quarter of the food on her plate, then waits 20 minutes before deciding whether she needs to eat again.
Hayden says: “I don’t have a model’s body, but I’m not one of those crazy girls who thinks that they’re fat. I’m OK with what I have.”
Nicollette says: “I don’t like diets – I see it, I eat it! I believe in eating healthily with lots of protein, vegetables and carbs to give you energy.”
kim cattrall
Size: 10-12
Age: 52
Height: 5ft 8in
Weight: 9st 4lb
SATC star Kim swears by gym sessions with Russian kettle bells (traditional cast-iron weights) and the South Beach Diet to give her the body she wants. To avoid overeating, Kim has a radical diet trick – squirting lemon juice on her leftovers – so she won’t carry on picking.
Kim says: “I am no super-thin Hollywood actress. I am built for men who like women to look like women.”
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